ASEAN HADR Exercise (AHEx 14) Instruction
ฉบับเผยแพร่เพื่อความรู้เพื่อการเตรียมการในเรื่อง HA/DR ของประเทศไทย
โดย นาวาเอก พิสุทธิ์ศักดิ์ ศรีชุมพล จัดทำขึ้นเพื่อใช้สำหรับควบคุมการฝึก AHEx 2013
ตอนที่ 1 ใน 2 ตอน 
Toward a disaster-Resilient and safer community
This exercise instruction (EXINST) is
to provide guiding principles , standard procedures and details of exercise for
participating nations’ forces and humanitarian community to exercise together
in this AHEx 14 Exercise in Thailand so as to enhance their interoperability
,mission effectiveness and unity of effort in multinational force operations
within the South East Asia Region in the event of an actual Humanitarian
Assistance and Disaster Relief (HADR) operation.
This
EXINST takes reference from the Standard Operating Procedure for Regional
Standby Agreements and Coordination of Joint Disaster Relief and Emergency
Response Operations (SASOP), under the ASEAN Agreement on Disaster Management and Emergency Response
(AADMER) framework , MNF SOPs ,UN documents and the 2013 ADMM-Plus EWG
Exercise SOP. It is intentionally broad and generic in nature to allow for
flexibility in application. It can
provide the necessary details of exercise ,framework and processes to achieve
the common understanding among the military forces and humanitarian community,
for the purpose of the detailed joint planning and ground execution in the
conduct of this Exercise in Thailand.
This
EXINST is not a binding international agreement among the participating nations and it does not create any rights or
obligations on or among participating
nations.
E-Mail:royalelephant@yahoo.com
CHAPTER 1
Overview
Problems caused by natural disasters are becoming increasingly intense nowadays. Despite of recently available technological advance, it is still considered as near impossible to accurately predict major natural disasters and subsequently prepare preventive measures. The 2004 Tsunami in South East Asia and India Ocean is an obvious example of the devastating effect of a disaster on human lives and properties. The Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters (CRED) reported that within the last five years, eight out of 10 ASEAN member states have experienced major disasters resulting in almost 500,000 deaths or missing as well as $10 billion damages. 17,000,000 people were also affected.
In order to minimize disaster losses within their community, on 26 July 2005, ASEAN member states signed the ASEAN Agreement on Disaster Management and Emergency Response (ADMER) in Lao PDR and adopted the SASOP (Standard Operating Procedure for Regional Standby Arrangements and Coordination of Joint Disaster Relief and Emergency Response Operations) as the guideline for actions between states and ASEAN Coordinating Centre for Humanitarian Assistance (AHA) Center.
To further advance the ADMER and prepare for the future ASEAN Standby Arrangements for Disaster Relief and Emergency Response as well as for the sake of good relationship, effective cooperation and rapid responding, Thailand and Malaysia have hence decided to co-host ASEAN HADR Multilateral Exercise coded named “AHEx 14” in Thailand from 26 April to 2 May 2014.
Exercise Objective
101. AHEx 14 main aim is to bring the existing cooperation among ASEAN and allied countries as well as International Humanitarian community under AADMER framework and International Humanitarian Organization (IHO) cooperation to the next level, which is a multilateral complex HADR exercise. This exercise, the first of its kind in the region, could then be interpreted as a testimony of the strong working relationships with trust and confidence amongst concerned stake holders. Such a unity of effort will certainly enhance the desired interoperability, mission effectiveness and bring to the success of HADR mission in South East Asia.
Figure 1: MNF integrated Operations and Civil-Mil C2 (MNF SOP 2.9)
AHEx 14 Exercise Objective:
1) To develop the multilateral ASEAN HADR exercise in support of AADMER framework based on the success of THAMAL JCEX 2011, AHX 2011, THACAM JCEX 2012, ARF DIREx 2013, AHX, ADMM PLUS, HADR and MM 2013 to AHEx 14 exercise in Thailand which will be the benefit of all participants.
AHEx 14 Exercise Objective:
1) To develop the multilateral ASEAN HADR exercise in support of AADMER framework based on the success of THAMAL JCEX 2011, AHX 2011, THACAM JCEX 2012, ARF DIREx 2013, AHX, ADMM PLUS, HADR and MM 2013 to AHEx 14 exercise in Thailand which will be the benefit of all participants.
2) To strengthen relationship among ASEAN military, allied military, International Humanitarian Organization (IHO) and Thai Civil Societies Organization (CSO) in HADR Operations.
3) To enhance the capacity and military-to-military interoperability, Civil-Military cooperation for rapid respond in HADR missions.
AHEx 14 Exercise Participants
102. The AHEx 14 Exercise participants comprise of ASEAN military, Allied Military, AHA Center, UN, International Humanitarian Organization and Thai Government and Civil Societies Organization as specified in the Thailand National Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Plan
AHEX 14 Exercise Plans Timeline
14 – 18 Oct 13 IPC in Thailand
16 - 20 Dec 13 MPC in Malaysia
27 – 31 Jan 14 FPC, TTX in Thailand
26 Apr – 2 May 14 FIT, FTX,CPX, HCA in Thailand
Exercise Concept
103. With the SASOP and AADMER as its framework, this exercise will be separated into two parts, “Table -Top Exercise (TTX)” aimed to test the national level procedure among the affecting state, assisting states, UN, Inter-Humanitarian organization, AHA Center and Thai Civil Society Organization in Thai disaster protection plans and the “Full Troop Exercise (CPX, FTX)” aimed to test the HADR planning and execution in operational and tactical level.
The Exercise scenario will be a massive flood and destruction caused by typhoon “CHABA” and deluge that hit rural parts of Thailand. The affected country or Thailand is overwhelmed by the devastation and is unable to cope with the disaster on its own. As a result, Thailand as a member of ASEAN, requested for assistance from UN, ASEAN, allied countries and the international humanitarian community. The Exercise will focus on military assistance from ASEAN and allied countries as well as international humanitarian community in an HADR emergency response. A key component of this Exercise will be the joint civil-military planning and deployment of assets in a HADR operation. Foreign military forces and international humanitarian community will also be deployed to carry out field works generally encountered in HADR operations.
The host or affected country is responsible for the provision of HADR Operation. When exceeding its capacity, however, the host may request for additional supports from specialized civilian, national, international, governmental or non-governmental organizations and agencies. The affected country is nevertheless still responsible to coordinate the entire operation. In fact, when the affected country cannot satisfactorily perform its basic humanitarian liability, the UN or appropriate regional organization may assume these functions. In the initial emergency relief phase of a disaster, moreover, foreign military forces may be required to facilitate and to support coordination of civil and military HADR efforts until the affected country or UN agencies can effectively assume these tasks.
Figure 2: Affected State
The Exercise time frame will focus on the first week from the onset of the disaster. The chart in Figure 2 depicts the broad phases in a typical HADR Operation and the utilization of foreign military forces in the initial emergency response phase, approximately 14 to 21 days from the onset of the disaster. Foreign military HADR operations is most likely be of short duration and limited in scope, depending on the requests of the affected country and the capabilities of the foreign military forces. These military forces will generally be involved in the immediate life saving phase until the affected country and the international HADR community can sustain the requirements to continue with long-term reconstruction. International agencies will also provide assistance and will generally remain for recovery and reconstruction after the foreign military forces depart.
Exercise Area of Operations
104. The Exercise will be held in the Eastern Thailand, Chachoengsao and Chonburi province. The Royal Thai Armed Force Forward Disaster Relief Center (RTARF FDRC), Multi National Coordination Center (MNCC) , Civil-Military Operation Center (CMOC) ,Exercise Control (ExCon), Building Collapsed Ex Area and Chemical Leakage Ex Area will be established at the 1st Regional Office, Armed Force Development Command, Chachoengsao province will simulate flood-stricken, chemical leakage and collapse building situation to facilitate medical, engineering, construction works and socio-civic activities such as dental service, health care screening and community service. The Evacuation Exercise Area will be established at Bangkla District
1st Regional Office , Armed Force Development Command, Chachoengsao Province
Figure 3: AHEx 14 Exercise Location
AHEx 14 Exercise Structure
105. Command and Control. Representative officer from RTARF HQs will be the Exercise Director (EXDIR) and representative officer from Malaysian Armed Force will be Deputy Director. They are assisted by the Country Delegations, UN and AHA Center representative who will together, form the Advisory Group. Respective countries' Heads of Delegation will be the National Contingent Commanders, responsible for all matters pertaining members of their respective delegations. By structure and protocol, he will be the highest ranking military officer of each nation. The Exercise Secretariat from Thailand and representative from Malaysia will work with the nations' Lead Planners on all exercise-related matters to control the MNCC, and on the key events for the exercise. The exercise MNCC HQ and Task Force Elements will form the Exercise Players Group. They will be headed by the Commander, Chiefs-of-Staffs, Head of Staff Centers and Task Force Commanders from the participating countries.
Figure 4: AHEx 14 Organization
Exercise Scenario
106. The scenario began when Tropical Revolving Storm (TRS) Typhoon “CHABA” struck the eastern of Thailand. The wind speed is reported to have strengthened from 125km/h to 230 km/h. As a result, Thailand was battered and life came to a standstill by weeks of heavy torrential rainfall and strong winds. Additionally, the storm has also caused flash floods throughout the country. Most areas affected are remote villages near to the river. Local Emergency Response Teams annot cope with the magnitude of the disaster. Therefore Thai National Disaster Management Centre (NDMC) has accepted assistance from ASEAN countries and International bodies to assist on HADR Operations.
Figure 5: Ex Scenario
Thai government has immediately set up the National Disaster Management Office (NDMO) in Bangkok chaired by the Prime Minister to be the main responsible office to resolve the disaster. NDMO has officially requested the The Royal Thai Armed Force to command and control the Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Relief activities in the worst affected areas (Chonburi Province and Chachoengsao provinces), and The Royal Thai Armed Force Forward Disaster Relief Center (RTARF FDRC) has been set up in Chachoengsao Province
Figure 6: AHEx 14 Disaster Management and Emergency Response Mechanisms
CHAPTER 2
Guiding Principles
Based on SASOP, MNF SOP ,Oslo
Guidelines, APC MADRO and ADMM-Plus HADR and MM Ex SOP, this chapter will guide
the AHEx 14 participants
to the key principle including but not limited to the Concept of HADR Operation, Role of Actors ,Concept
of Operation, Command and Control and Obligations, and Principles Governing the Exercise to be applied during planning and execution phase in AHEx14.
Key Definition
201. Disaster
– “[A] serious disruption of the functioning of society, which poses a
significant, widespread threat to human life, health, property or the
environment, whether arising from accident, nature or human activity, whether
developing suddenly or as the result of long-term processes, but excluding armed
conflict.” IFRC IDRL Guidelines
Disaster
relief* - means goods and services provided to meet the immediate needs of
disaster-affected communities
Humanitarian Assistance – “[A]id to an affected
population that seeks, as its primary purpose, to save lives and alleviate
suffering of a crisis-affected population.
Humanitarian assistance must be provided in accordance with the basic
humanitarian principles of humanity, impartiality and neutrality.” UN Gen. Assembly Res. 46/182, Oslo Guidelines.
Affected State*-means
the State upon whose territory persons or property are affected by a
disaster.
Assisting State*-means
a State providing disaster relief or initial recovery assistance, whet้her
through civil or military components.
Transit
State*-means the State through whose territorial jurisdiction disaster
relief or initial recovery assistance has received permission to pass on its
way to or from the affected State in connection with disaster relief or initial
recovery assistance
Guiding Principles
202. In the provision and
receipt of military capabilities and assistance, the following principles will
be adhered to:
a) “The sovereignty, territorial integrity and national unity of
states must be fully respected in accordance with the Charter of the United
Nations (UN) and the Treaty of Amity and Cooperation in Southeast Asia [Article
3.1 of AADMER]. In this context, humanitarian assistance should be provided
with the consent of the affected country and in principle on the basis of an
appeal by the affected country.”
b) Foreign military
assets involved in international disaster response operations remain under
their own national command and control.
c) Humanitarian
principles will be adhered in the provision of military capabilities and
assistance:
Humanity:
Human suffering is addressed wherever it is found, with particular attention to
the most vulnerable in the population, such as children, women and the elderly.
The dignity and rights of all victims must be respected and protected.
Neutrality: Humanitarian
assistance must be provided without engaging in hostilities or taking
sides in controversies of a political, religious or ideological nature.
Impartiality:
Assistance is provided without discriminating as to ethnic origin, gender,
nationality, political opinions, race or religion. Relief of the suffering must
be guided solely by needs and priority must be given to the most urgent cases
of distress.
Do No Harm:
Military Responders must be aware of the possibility that interventions
designed with the intention of producing positive outcomes can have unintended
negative effects and should strive to avoid harmful unintended consequences
when supporting disaster relief operations.
d) Avoid creating long-term dependence on
foreign military assets by Affected State's population and civilian
humanitarian organizations.
e) Pave the way for civil agencies to
take over, following the initial critical phases of humanitarian assistance and
disaster relief operations.
Phases of HADR Operation
203. HADR can be divided into the following
three broad phases, each requiring
different types of assistance:
Phase 1 -Immediate
Life Saving. Search and rescue, and medical first aid.
Phase 2 -Stabilization. Life
preserving relief operations such as the delivery of aid to prevent the
situation deteriorating.
Phase 3 -General Recovery. Ensuring
humanitarian needs continue to be met in anticipation of longer term
rehabilitation and reconstruction.
These phases are not
necessarily sequential, and in most cases the second and third are undertaken
concurrently. Consequently, effective coordination will be required between
agencies with relevant skill sets required in each phase. For example, military and other standby
forces (IFRC and OCHA) are better suited to immediate response in phase 1,
while NGO, other UN agencies (UNDP) and donor countries are better suited to
later phases. Nevertheless, donors can also provide immediate funding
assistance and on-ground support.
Each HADR operation
is unique. The initial response may occur in relative chaos and there is
often a mismatch between necessary resources and situational needs, adding to
uncertainty and tension. The government of a stricken state may be overwhelmed
by the effects of the disaster and the scale of the response.
Role of Affected State
204. The affected state has the
responsibility to take care of victims of disasters occurring within its
territory and in consistent with international law. The affected state has the
rights and primary role in initiating, organizing, coordinating, implementing,
regulating and monitoring disaster relief assistance, to include international
assistance, within its territories. Prior to any disaster, the affected state,
through its NFP, should have developed a national disaster plan, including
mechanisms to establish a Local Emergency Management Authority (LEMA).
The affected state will exercise
authority for the overall direction, coordination and supervision of disaster
response within its territory and normally does so through its NFP. The NFP
will, through its LEMA, activate or establish emergency operation centers,
immediately, prior to or during a disaster, at the local, regional/provincial
and national level, as required. These centers may be part of an existing
national military command structure, entirely separated, or civilian-led
centers with military representatives. In most cases, these centers are the
focal point for coordinating all national and international relief efforts. The
On-Site Operations Coordination Centre (OSOCC) and Civil-Military Operations
Centre (CMOC) support the LEMA and work under its direction.
Additionally the affected states can also requests for international
assistance through various channels both bilaterally and multilaterally.
The latter stance is usually carried out to
existing mechanism such as AHA Centre or OCHA for example. The affected
state, however, still has responsibility to identify needs based on information
provided by local, provincial and other foreign assistance and to utilize
international coordination mechanisms to optimize incoming assistance,
including foreign military assistance.
The affected state should
facilitate and help assisting militaries by simplifying, as appropriate, the
customs and administrative procedures related to entry, transit, stay and exit
as well as utilization of airspace, use of communications equipment and
certification of specialist personnel as required.
Role of Assisting State
205.
The assisting state, through its NFP, shall:
a)
Deploy only with consent of the affected state.
b)
Respect the sovereignty, territorial integrity, culture and
sensitivities of the Affected State.
c)
Provide international disaster relief according to the core
Humanitarian Principles of Humanity, Neutrality and Impartiality as well as
abide by the principle of “Do No Harm”.
d)
Coordinate its disaster response operations with affected
state’s NFP in accordance with the national disaster plan.
e)
Observe cultural and religious sensitivities of the affected
population.
f) Indicate terms and
conditions in which its contributions of assets and capabilities in
humanitarian assistance and disaster relief operations such assistance can be
deployed, which should be confirmed by requesting or receiving party in details
including but not limit to
g)
Details of the resources to be mobilized, transportation
arrangements, exemptions and facilities, logistic support and funding
arrangements.
h)
Pose self-sustained capability throughout the entire
operation in terms of transport, fuel,
rations, water ,sanitation, maintenance and communications, in order to
avoid placing additional stress on overburdened affected state’s local
authorities.
i)
Provide disaster relief without seeking to:
·
Gain
financial reimbursement and gain a commercial advantage.
· Further
a political or religious viewpoint and intervene
in the internal affairs of the Affected State.
·
Gather
sensitive political, economic or military information irrelevant to the
disaster assistance
Role of Transit State
206. Within the ASEAN community,
transit states should facilitate the movement of disaster relief equipment,
supplies and personnel from Originating and Assisting States to the Affected
State.
Coordination with Requesting or
Receiving Party
207. The Affected State’s requesting
or receiving party shall exercise the overall direction, control, coordination
and supervision of the assistance within its territory. The assisting states
shall conform to the national incident command system of the requesting or
receiving party, and designate in consultation with the requesting or receiving
party, a person who shall be in charge of and shall retain immediate
operational supervision over the personnel and the equipment provided. The head
of assistance operation shall exercise such supervision in cooperation with the
appropriate authorities of the requesting or
receiving state or through the AHA Centre.
Request for Assistance
208.
The affected party, when required, shall request assistance from any
other party, directly or through AHA
Centre, or, where appropriate, from other entities using FORM 3 (see Annex I
SASOP). The assisting entity shall acknowledge or respond to the request
as soon as possible, preferably within 6 to 12 hours.
An assisting entity may also
initiate an offer of assistance to mobilize its earmarked assets and capacities
and other resources not previously earmarked for disaster relief and emergency
response but being made available by submitting the FORM 4 (see Annex J SASOP)
directly to the receiving party or through the AHA Centre. The Receiving Party
shall acknowledge or respond to the offer of assistance immediately, preferably
within 6 to 12 hours.
Command and
Control
209. All exercise participants should
be aware of military terminology related to authority. The three degrees of
authority for military support to HADR operations are as follows:
Operational
Control. Operational control (OPCON) is the command authority to organize
and employ forces, assign tasks, designate objectives, and give authoritative
direction necessary to accomplish the mission. It does not involve direction
for logistics or matters of administration, discipline, internal reorganization
of a nation’s units, or unit training.
Tactical
Control. Tactical Control (TACON) is command authority limited to detailed
control of movements or maneuvers in the operational area necessary to
accomplish assigned missions or tasks.
Support.
Support is a command relationship established by a higher commander or
authority between subordinate commanders when one organization should aid,
protect, complement, or sustain another force
210.
Two-Tier Command and Control. Both (Affected State) military forces and
(Assisting State) forces operate under a two-tier command and control system
with (Affected State) military forces senior HQ and (Assisting State) military
forces senior HQ (Tier I) commanding subordinate (Affected State) and (Assisting
State) military forces-such as a Combined Task Force (CTF) (Tier II),
respectively.
211. Respective national command (assisting states) shall retain OPCON
for their respective military personnel and elements at all times. MNCC may
execute TACON on elements of assisting nations at a specified time.
212. Several assisting military elements may be organized as a CTF or
under a lead service component arrangement or other similar command arrangement
under the (assisting state) senior HQ. If assisting forces are not organized as
a CTF, sufficient guidance shall be promulgated regarding command authorities
of concerned assisting forces and their relationship with the (affected state)
military under this CONOPS. Barring amended instructions, assisting forces
operating under this command arrangement shall adhere to guidance contained in
the CONOPS to the maximum extent practicable.
The assisting military should
redeploy capabilities no longer required to meet validated requests by the
(affected state) or (assisting state) foreign disaster response agency to
assist in follow-on operations.
Multinational
Force Organization to Support HA/DR Operations.
213. Foreign military forces HA/DR
operations that are part of a broader military mission (such as peace
operations) will most likely be executed by a coalition task force (CTF), with
appropriate mechanisms established to interface with the Humanitarian
Community.
In DR operations, multinational
support will generally be offered and accepted on a bilateral basis fairly soon
after the disaster. Although military support may
be coordinated through regional organizations such as the (ASEAN Humanitarian
Centre (AHA) Centre, participating
militaries must still timely agree to a coordination
/cooperation
mechanism and procedures to support the affected nation. The more rapidly this
can be accomplished, the more quickly and efficiently the multinational forces
can support the affected nation. A CTF with a lead nation most likely will not
be formed during the emergency phase.
For
disaster response the multinational force structure may take various forms:
a) CTF. While unlikely, it is possible
that responding nations form a coalition under a lead nation (which might be
the affected nation) and provide support to the affected state government.
b) Multiple bilateral arrangements. Most
countries will generally respond on a bilateral basis, either establishing
arrangements with the affected state or utilizing existing bilateral (or
multilateral) agreements. This is probably the most likely initial arrangement
for HA/DR missions.
c) Hybrid or mixed arrangements.
Depending on the scope of the disasters and the countries responding,
command/control, cooperation, coordination arrangements may be a mix such as:
- Some nations putting their forces under OPCON of the affected nation military;
- Some nations forming a foreign task force in support of the affected nation military;
- Individual nations working independently supporting the affected nation military; or by combination of the above.
Multinational Forces Coordination
Center: Since an HA/DR mission will
normally not have a CTF command activated, there is a need to have
some sort of mechanism that permits foreign military forces’
coordination/cooperation to support the affected state with maximum unity of effort and minimum confusion, duplication,
and difficulties for the affected nation. One option is exchange of liaison officers. Another option when many
nations are involved is activation of a Multinational Coordination Center
(MNCC) for foreign military forces’ coordination.
MNCC Tasks. MNCC tasks
may range from just sharing information or de-conflicting various military
HA/DR operations to actively coordinating all multinational forces. MNCC
efforts should focus on maximizing the foreign military forces support to the
affected state.
MNCC Organization. The
MNCC must be organized rapidly and efficiently to funnel support to the host
nation/affected state.
The host nation/affected
state should designate a senior military officer as the MNCC director, and
provide appropriate space and infrastructure support (including communications
links) for foreign military representatives.
While the MNCC director
will not command the foreign military forces representatives, he can recommend
a proposed MNCC structure and establish a venue and focal point for the foreign
military representatives.
MNCC members represent their countries’
militaries and generally should not be organized along a traditional staff
structure. Nor should they necessarily be organized strictly along capabilities
that their countries may be providing since many countries might be providing
multiple capabilities. Instead, the MNCC members should retain their national
presence identities with various relevant cells, boards or committees, formed
based on the combined foreign military capabilities.
Joint Assessment of Humanitarian
Assistance
214. Assisting
military forces deployed in support of international disaster response should
seek initial and on-going assessments from the appropriate established
coordinating body, such as AHA Centre. Any assessment conducted by the
assisting states should be shared with other actors. Likewise, military
response to any Request for Assistance (RFA), should be coordinated with other
militaries and AHA Centre to minimize duplication, confusion and gaps in support.
Joint military assessments, including participation in affected state
assessments if possible, are strongly recommended.
One of ASEAN's response tools
under AADMER Framework is the Emergency
Rapid Assessment Team (ERAT). The ASEAN
ERAT Team is composed of experienced and trained individuals to respond
to disaster incidents, within and beyond ASEAN. Assisting military should
leverage such expertise to provide the best assessment of situation on the
ground in order to determine the
specific types of assistance required.
Redeployment planning should be conducted in
parallel with initial development in order to ensure a successful disengagement
or transition of responsibility back to the affected state, UN relief agencies
or wider humanitarian community as soon as they can fully resume or assume the
required tasks. Time and/or condition based transition should be planned in
conjunction with the Affected State, Assisting States, the AHA Centre, UN and
other coordinating bodies, based on jointly agreed parameters.
Assessments should be
need-driven, complementary to and coherent with humanitarian assistance
operations.
Use of Military Assets and
Capabilities
215. Disaster response activity by the
military can be divided into three broad categories:
Direct
Assistance is a Face-to-face distribution of goods and services.
Indirect
Assistance is at least one step removed from the population and involves
such activities such as transporting relief goods or relief personnel.
Infrastructure Support involves
providing general services, such as road repair, airspace management and power
generation that facilitate relief efforts.
Within the ASEAN, military forces are often
required to provide direct assistance. When occurred, military responders
should seek advice from and work closely with their respective AADMER National
Focal Points (NFPs) and the relevant authorities of the affected state.
The NFP will be the national lead agency but a country can also appoint any
other relevant authority to work on the HADR situation for the sake of
reinforcement and the humanitarian community. The humanitarian community
presumably has the necessary expertise and experience to ensure that this is
done effectively and without violating the guiding principles.
Multinational Coordination Center (MNCC)
216. The primary purpose of a MNCC is
to facilitate military-to-military cooperation and coordination between the
military JTFs in support of the NDMO and regional and local disaster management
agencies and (Assisting State) ((Assisting State)
foreign disaster response agency) to help achieve unity of effort in the
response.
MNCC operations should be limited so to not to
usurp the proper coordination mechanisms of the affected state’s national
disaster management system and should be confined to providing support to
civilian efforts by coordinating multilateral military unique capabilities.
The MNCC should only be established if
liaison mechanisms or other affected state coordinating mechanisms (such as the
NDMO or the Affected State military command operations center) are insufficient
for military-to-military coordination. While the MNCC is a proven means of
improving coordination between parallel military efforts and with the
humanitarian community in major operations, its utility may be duplicative in
less demanding operations. The decision to establish a MNCC must be decided
early in planning through coordination with appropriate civilian agencies.
An initial organizational
structure may be the use of the (affected state) and assisting state military
forces disaster assessment and response teams.
The
affected military should provide the director for the MNCC.
If other assisting states’ (foreign) military
assistance is provided, these other military forces should send liaison
personnel to the MNCC. If other organizations are established elsewhere to
coordinate regional military support to the (affected
state) (such as the ASEAN AHA Centre), they should also send a liaison officer.
MNCC
Key Tasks
a)
Coordinate military support of need assessments with the NDMO
and (assisting state) diplomatic or foreign disaster assistance agencies.
b)
Avoid duplication of assets and capabilities to the greatest
extent possible.
c)
Prioritize military support in support of NDMO.
d)
Establish liaison with NDMO and
designated affected state civil government, relief agencies, and military as well
as other parties as determined necessary.
e)
Facilitate the establishment of an unclassified local area
network, internet, and email network for external communication and information
sharing among all militaries, the NDMO and (assisting state) embassy or
diplomatic offices, and other international organizations, as necessary.
f) Coordinate unique military support requirements between the affected and assisting militaries; e.g., support
areas, de-confliction of airspace, movement of forces, and logistics
assets.
g)
Develop appropriate transition, engagement, and disengagement
criteria and a transition plan for withdrawal of military support.
h) In conjunction with the NDMO coordinate
and de-conflict non (Affected State)-(Assisting State) military assistance and support, including
support coordinated by regional organizations such as the ASEAN AHA Centre.
i) MNCC functions may be conducted at tactical levels if
multinational forces are working in the same tactical area.
MNCC Organizational and Structure Considerations
MNCC Director. The MNCC Director should be a
senior officer from the affected state military. The primary duty of the
Director is to ensure that the affected state’s request for military support
are properly articulated and prioritized for the assisting state military
forces. The MNCC Director has no authority over assisting state military
members of the MNCC. The MNCC Assistant Director should be selected by host
nation or the assisting state military members.
The MNCC should develop necessary boards,
bureaus, cells, centers and/or working groups (B2C2WGs) to coordinate
operations between the JTFs and with civil elements. The exact organization and
responsibilities of the cells, and which cells should be created, is dependent
upon the nature of the disaster, capability of the assisting state militaries,
NDMO, regional organizations (such as ASEAN), and other international
organizations. Following are suggested cells with the minimum required MNCC
capabilities:
·
Information Sharing Cell: information management and sharing,
local area network establishment and
internet connectivity, web site development and maintenance.
·
Public Affairs/Media Cell: helps
determine common themes and messages; conduct press conferences as appropriate.
·
Request for Assistance Analysis (RFA) Cell: validates request
for military assistance; prioritizes assistance, maintains sector or cluster
visibility on what military assets can be
provided to support DR operations; tracks and closes out RFA. It should include affected state NDMO liaison
officer to work RFAs in conjunction with military members.
·
Operational Cell, including but not
limited to: Situational Awareness Sub-cell. Logistics
Sub-cell and Planning Sub-cell
Concept of Operation (CONOPS)
217. CONOPS. Phasing can be
time-based, condition-based or a combination of the twos. Phasing may not
always be sequential and some operations continue while others are terminated or
resumed by civil agencies or humanitarian organizations. This CONOPS suggests
five phases as described below.
Phase I – Crisis Assessment
and Preparation
a)
Begins with the identification of a crisis, the assessment of
HA/DR requirements and early development of an end state and transition plan.
b)
Ends with the publication (or no publication) of an order to
deploy forces in support of (affected state) HA/DR operations. The order should
be developed and coordinated with appropriate (assisting state) agencies.
Phase
II – Deployment
a)
Begins with the publication of an order to deploy forces in
support of (affected state) HA/DR operations.
b)
Ends when all forces are postured to conduct operations.
Phase
III
– Mission Operations
a) Begins with the commencement
of HA/DR activities.
b)
Ends when HA/DR activities are terminated by competent
authority or assumed by civil agencies or humanitarian community organizations.
Phase IV – Transition
a)
Begins with the execution of a transition plan. Transition planning must be conducted during Phase I and done
in coordination with appropriate assisting state agencies to facilitate
seamless transition to the appropriate agencies.
b)
Ends when an operation has been handed over to another
organization. This may be influenced or determined by one or more of the
following indicators: Decrease in the overall requirements of HA/DR in the
affected region; Reduction in the requirement for (Assisting State) military
support;
Increase in the
capacity of the Humanitarian Community to conduct HA/DR operations currently
conducted by the Assisting State military forces; Specific dates or conditions,
as determined by the Affected State or Assisting State.
Phase V –
Redeployment
a) Begins as forces
start to redeploy.
b)
Ends when all deployed assets return to home station or are
reassigned to another area.
Principles and
Guidelines for the Foreign Military Forces in HA/DR Operations
218. Guidelines for the Foreign
Military Forces in HA/DR Operations.
a) Respect for host nation sovereignty. Foreign military forces must maintain respect for host nation/affected state sovereignty, which must be perceived by the government and affected population.
a) Respect for host nation sovereignty. Foreign military forces must maintain respect for host nation/affected state sovereignty, which must be perceived by the government and affected population.
b)
Legitimacy of the mission. To be successful military HA/DR
missions must have legitimacy conferred by
the host nation/affected state, UN or an internationally recognized
regional organization or forum.
c)
Perception of Foreign Military Forces HA/DR Actions. The
perception of impartiality is as important to the Humanitarian Community and
beneficiaries as the actuality.
d)
Respect for Culture and Custom. Respect and sensitivities
must be maintained for the culture of the host country/affected state. Foreign
military leaders must understand the effects that cultural, social, economic
and political aspects of the host nation/affected state will have on foreign
military forces.
e)
Unity of Effort. HA/DR responses generally include the
actions of military, diplomatic, and humanitarian organizations. These organizations have their
own reason or agenda, which may conflict with one another. Coordination and
cooperation among all participating organizations is desired in order to best
achieve the desired end state for all organizations.
f) Coordination and
cooperation can usually be achieved by dialogue and consensus, but rarely by
command. With some organizations, foreign military forces may only be able to
exchange general information about each
other’s activities.
g) While, unity of
command is not appropriate among the actors in HA/DR operations, unity of
effort helps ensure HA/DR mission success.
h)
NDMO/LEMA should be the focal point for coordination of HA/DR responses. A coordination mechanism, if
established by host nation/affected state, will
improve unity of effort.
i)
Lead Agencies. Unity of effort is enhanced if one or two
agencies coordinate the efforts with the majority of the other relief agencies.
Coordination will maximize the effects of the relief resources and minimize the
support requirements of the relief agencies. It will also minimize the number
of entities with which the foreign military forces need to interact on a
regular basis.
j)
The UN has established a “Cluster” system with lead agencies
assigned for various response “sectors” (for example, UNICEF is the lead agency
for the water and sanitation sector; WFP is the lead agency for the logistics
sector, refer to Appendix 5, UN Agency Cluster System).
k)
Lead agencies will work in coordination with the NDMO /LEMA
where possible. Foreign military planners must identify who are the lead
agencies at the
beginning
of the planning process.
l) Information sharing.
Information sharing between all parties is critical to maximizing unity of effort. Foreign
military forces must take the initiative to ensure maximum information sharing
with the Humanitarian Community (e.g. by providing unclassified security
information).
m)
Security concerns may preclude the foreign military forces
from sharing complete operational information. Similarly, some members of the
Humanitarian Community may be reluctant to share some information about their
activities for fear of compromising their neutrality and independence, and,
thus, the security for their staff and beneficiaries.
Civil-Military
Coordination
219.
Definition :“The essential dialogue and interaction between civilian and military
actors in humanitarian emergencies is necessary to protect and promote humanitarian principles, avoid competition,
minimize inconsistency, and when appropriate pursue common goals. Basic
strategies range from coexistence to cooperation.
Coordination is a shared responsibility facilitated by liaison and common training.”
Seven Standard for CMCoord in HA/DR (OSLO Guideline)
1. Requested by
humanitarian actors.
2. Based on need.
3. Last resort – no civilian
alternative available .
4. Civilian nature and
character retained.
5. Direct assistance done
by civilian humanitarian actors.
6. Limited in time and
scale.
7. UN Codes of Conduct and
Humanitarian Principles respected.
Figure
7: Generic Disaster Response Coordination Mechanism
Governing Rules and Regulations
220. Members of the assistance
operation shall refrain from any action or activity incompatible with the
nature and purpose of this exercise instruction.
a)
Members of the
assistance operation shall respect and abide by all national laws and
regulations. In this regard, the Head of the assistance operation shall take
all appropriate measures to ensure observance of national laws and regulations.
The receiving state shall cooperate to ensure that members of the assistance
operation observe national laws and regulations.
b) Respect
for host nation sovereignty. Foreign military forces must maintain respect for affected country's sovereignty, and
the government and affected population must perceive that the foreign
military forces respect the country’s sovereignty.
c)
Legitimacy of the mission. To be successful military HADR missions
must have legitimacy conferred by the affected country, UN or an
internationally
recognized regional organization or
forum.
d) Perception of Foreign Military Forces
HADR Actions. The
perception of impartiality is as important to the Humanitarian Community and
beneficiaries as the actuality.
e)
Respect for Culture and Custom. Respect and
sensitivities must be maintained for the culture of the affected country.
Foreign military leaders must understand the effects that cultural, social,
economic and political aspects of the affected country will have on foreign
military forces.
f)
Unity of Effort. HADR responses generally include the actions of military,
diplomatic, and humanitarian organizations. These organizations have their own
reason or agenda for responding to a crisis. These agendas may conflict with
one another. Coordination and cooperation among all participating organizations
is desired in order to achieve the desired end state conditions of all
organizations. Coordination and cooperation can usually be achieved by dialogue
and consensus, but never by command. With some organizations, foreign military
forces may only be able to exchange general information about each other’s
activities.
g)
Information sharing. Information sharing amongst all parties is critical to
maximizing unity of effort. Foreign military forces must take the initiative to
ensure maximum information sharing with the Humanitarian Community (e.g. by
providing unclassified security information). Security concerns may preclude
the foreign military forces from sharing complete operational information.
Conversely, some members of the Humanitarian Community may be reluctant to
share some information about their activities for fear of compromising their
neutrality and independence, and, thus, the security for their staff and
beneficiaries.
Obligations and Principles Governing
the Exercise (Ref: ADMM-Plus HADR EX SOP)
221. For the purpose of the AHEx14 Exercise, the following are some legal considerations pertaining to operating within the Host Nation:
221. For the purpose of the AHEx14 Exercise, the following are some legal considerations pertaining to operating within the Host Nation:
a)
Legal Coverage. The legal provisions shall cover all representatives of
assisting states, civilian and military at all times from the moment of entry
to host nation’s territory up to the moment of departure from her sovereignty.
The legal coverage does not extend to military ships and designated areas that
remains the sole jurisdiction of the respective assisting states. Designated
areas refer to areas within host nation’s territory nationally and
internationally recognized as falling under an Assisting State’s jurisdiction.
b) Criminal Jurisdiction. Members of the
assisting state shall observe the laws of the host nation at all times and to
bear in mind that they shall be liable to punishment under the laws of the host
nation in respect of any criminal acts or omissions committed within the
territory of the host nation notwithstanding any privileges and immunities
accorded.
c)
Claims. Both party shall waive all claims it may have against the
other party or against personnel of the armed forces of the other party for
injury or death, damage, loss or destruction of property caused by the
personnel of the armed forces of one party to the personnel, servants or agents
of the Armed forces of the other party notwithstanding injuries and death arising
from gross negligence.
d)
Worthiness of Carriers. It shall be the responsibility of the
assisting state to ensure the soundness and safety of any carrier (sea, land
and air) not their own, are up to their standards prior to committing their
assets or troops to such carrier.It shall be deem acceptance on their part on
entering or committing assets or troops to the carrier and waive any legal
claim rights.
e)
Control and Discipline. The overall command, control and
discipline of the military personnel of the assisting state are to be retained
fully by the commander or a designated person of the assisting state and
disciplinary action lies solely within each assisting state’s jurisdiction
during the entire duration of their stay in the Host nation. In the event of
any offence(s) committed by military personnel of the assisting state, the host
nation is to be duly informed of the steps and decisions taken by the assisting
state in this regard.
f) Withdrawal of
Personnel.
Either party may request for the withdrawal of any personnel of either state
for valid reasons.
g)
Logistic Support. Assisting state shall, as far as possible, be self
sustaining throughout the duration of the Exercise in terms of and not limited
to transport, fuel, food rations, water and sanitation, maintenance and
communications. The host nation may offer assistance in the form of
arrangements for any required commodity. However, where this is not possible,
host nation may, wherever possible and necessary, provide accommodation and
shelter, supplies and the relevant assets and capabilities to be employed for
the sole purpose of administering the Exercise to the assisting state.
In the absence of existing
MoUs and Mutual Logistics Support Agreement as to the agreed reciprocal provision
of accommodations, supplies, military assets and capabilities to the assisting
state throughout their stay in the host nation, it must be determined clearly
in the exercise instruction the extent, scope and duration of logistical and welfare support to be accorded to
the assisting state by the Host nation.
h) Information Sharing Information in any form, both oral
and written, which is concerned with the business of the host nation
activities, is deemed official. These include any sort of documents containing
official information. Disclosure, sharing, broadcasting, exchange and release
of information through communication by one person to another whether
intentionally or otherwise, using whatsoever means
or media devices, is prohibited unless otherwise authorized by relevant higher
authority. All official information
pertaining the military exercise operational concepts
/doctrines including technical information on defense
products, intelligence information,
and any matters that relates to any military activities and/or any interference
towards the host nation must be safeguarded in the interest of security from
unauthorized disclosure. All official information is protected under the Laws
of Thailand.
h)
Communications Restrictions. All assisting states must conform to
host nation national requirements and obligations governing all aspects
relating to communications from equipment to usage. All equipment including
spares intended to be brought in and/or utilized for the purpose of the
exercise must be listed and communicated to the affected state Communications
Liaison Officer (CLO) within the designated time of two months prior to
entry into affected state territory. CLO will be the authority to ensure
national requirements are met and the proper authority acquired from relevant
national agencies as well as designate frequencies usage. Failure to disclose
and if caught could render confiscation of the equipment. Assisting states are
encourage to be transparent and forthcoming in disclosure and is given assurance
that all information will be kept at the strictest of confidence by the host
nation.
i)
Medications, Practitioners and Medical
Equipments. Provisions in relation to medications, practitioners, medical
equipments specifically for the conduct of the exercise is recognized and
covered comprehensively. It is the responsibility and duty of all parties to
ensure the guidelines and provisions are adhered to. Failure to do so will give
the hosting state the authority to limit the assisting state’s participation.
j)
Force Protection. Assisting states
shall be responsible for the safety and welfare of their own forces, assets and
properties throughout the Exercise. Clearances on assets and equipments
deployed for the purpose of the Exercise shall remain the full responsibility
and administration of the assisting states. The Host nation may assist in
ensuring the national procedures are adhered to.
k)
Health and Safety. The Host nation practices nationally and internationally
recognized Health and Safety procedures in relation to the exercise. Any gaps
within its national procedures would be covered by an internationally
recognized norm. National procedures will take precedent should any
discrepancies arose. Health and Safety provisions are extensively. It shall be
the responsibility of all Assisting States to adhere to the provisions.
l)
Dispute Resolution.
Any dispute arising from the administration and conduct of the exercise shall
be put forth in writing to the hosting state. The matter will be settled
amicably between contending parties. The Chief of Armed Forces will be the
highest dispute resolution avenue. The host nation reserves the right to
appoint an independent nation to arbitrarily assist in the dispute resolution.
m)
Operational legal considerations pertaining to the
exercise are as follows:
Discipline. All assisting states are to
ensure discipline of their respective personnel at all times. Any
breaches of discipline will be reported directly to the hosting state and the
necessary action is expected to be taken by that state in order to remedy any
such breach of discipline. The hosting state shall have the authority to remove
any personnel found to have committed serious misconduct. This authority shall
be practiced as a formal request to the head of the relevant delegation
Indemnity. The host nation shall not be liable for any
consequential, special, indirect, incidental, exemplary or punitive damages of
any kind or nature whatsoever, or any lost income or profits, arising from any
injury, loss or damage during the duration of the Operations/Exercise. Members
are to indemnify and hold
harmless
the hosting state and its personnel from any injury or loss of life of any
kind, any loss (including damage) of property and any other loss of damage in
any form during the duration of the Operations/Exercise.
Rules of Engagement. Assisting states wishing to practice their own rules of engagement are required to notify and
forward a copy of the rules of engagement prior to the start of the Operations/Exercise
for acceptance by the hosting state
CHAPTER
3
Exercise Operating Concept
The purpose of this
chapters to prepare all exercise participants on their respective roles in
the Multi National Coordination Center (MNCC), Civil - Military Operation Center
(CMOC) and tactical players in Incident Command Center
(ICC) and Area of
Operation. The chapter comprises of relevant and
necessary information to support the exercise planners and players such as exercise
design, structures, scenario, task organization and procedure which will bring
to the success to the
AHEx14
Exercise Timeline
301. The time zone used for AHEx14 Exercise is
Golf (UTC+7).
There are two parts for AHEx14, Table Top Exercise (TTX) is arranged
in FPC
and the second part , which will be conducted in five Phases as follows:
1)
Phase
I (9 - 23 April 2014) – Deployment to Thailand
2) Phase II
(24 April to 27 April 2014) –
Arrival , Force Integration Training (FIT) and Pre CPX. This
phase comprises essentially of the arrival to Exercise Area and preparation for
the exercise of all participating elements. The
key events are Main Exercise
Brief on 24 April 2014 at
MNCC, during 25 - 27 April
2014, which in itself will be divided
into two events. First is the Pre CPX, in which EXCON will
train all participants at MNCC to
use the EOC Training Program
for exercise report system and issue the Initiating
Directive/Strategic Guidance to the MNCC. Second is the Force Integration Training for
FTX at ICC aimed at FTX rehearsal.
The FTX
participants are expected to understand the standard of procedure and
safety regulation as a result of these events. This program is run by Incident
Command in each area and controlled by EXCON.
3) Phase
III
(28 April to 1 May 2014) – CPX , FTX and HCA.
The
Opening Ceremony will be held on 28 April 2014 at MNCC followed by the exercise
concept. The MNCC will then plan and deploy the contributing countries' assets for the Exercise. Thereafter, it will
Command and Control, all air, sea and land activities
of the exercise. It will also oversee the recovery of all assets and personnel
at the end of the exercise.
4) Phase
IV
(2 May 2014) – Demonstration and AAR.
The demonstration by combined
forces will be shown for VVIP Visit and
Exercise After Action Review or AAR will
be conducted at MNCC for
advance the future HADR exercises and operations.
5)
Phase
V (3 May to 20 May
2014) Post Exercise. This phase will see the recovery of all exercise assets
and personnel. The subsequent days
will see the respective countries repatriating their respective assets and
personnel back to their own countries. This will be facilitated by the Royal
Thai Armed Forces HQs.
Exercise Scenario
302. Based on the forecast of typhoon “CHABA”,
on 22 April 2014, the government has set up the National Disaster Management
Office (NDMO) in Bangkok, chaired by the Prime Minister, as the main
responsible office to mitigate the impact and also the provincial governer has a responsibility
in the affected area.The Royal Thai Armed Force HQs has monitored this situation along with
necessary preparation.
On 24 April 2014, Typhoon “CHABA” has struck the eastern coast of
Thailand. The tropical Typhoon caused a severe damage much more than
expected by the Thai National Disaster Management Office or NDMO, a disaster
response and mitigation body headed by the Prime Minister. The Thai National
Disaster Warning Center or NDWC reported that wind speed picked up from 125 to
230 km/h when it struck. The National Assessment Team or NAST Team reported that Chonburi and Chachoengsao provinces
were severely hit, and people’s day-to-day livelihood was disrupted. 50 mm of
rainfall was recorded with heavy rain expected to continue throughout the week.
There was also a storm surge producing waves of approximately 6
meters high. Flooding in low lying areas
is now expected with possible landslides and mudslides in the areas around the
two provinces.
As part of the relief effort, the NDMO has set up Forward Disaster Relief Center or FDRC,
on the 25 April 2014, headed by provincial governor and has officially
requested the Royal Thai Armed Forces to establish an area command for the
Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Relief activities in the two affected
provinces. the Royal Thai Armed Force Forward Disaster Relief Center (RTARF
FDRC) which is established by the Royal Thai Armed Forces or RTARF-FDRC, Multi-National Coordination Center or MNCC
and Civil Military Operation Center or CMOC have been set up at the 1st
Regional Office, Armed Forces Development
Command in Chachoengsao province on 25 April 2014 too.
The RTARF FDRC’s Response Aid Teams
conducted a preliminary survey of the affected areas and initially reported the
impact to NDMO which forward to AHA Center, UN, International Humanitarian
Organization and allied countries as follows:
a) A
preliminary estimate is that 10,500 people are now homeless. Over 300,000 have
been affected by Typhoon CHABA. The damage inflicted has also resulted in
populations being stranded. Locals were seen leaving their homes, worried by
mudslides. There are over 8,000 Internally Displaced Persons (IDP) caused by
Typhoon CHABA.
b) The
death toll has been roughly estimated at 10,500 in the low lying coasts of Chonburi and Chachoengsao due to high
surf, winds, flooding and landslides.
c) Most
areas have lost power and water supply. Communications are also down due to the
loss of power. Infrastructures in the remote areas were damaged due to strong
wind and mudslides and most roads on the western side are impassable. Roads on the eastern side are restricted in
areas due flooding and landslides, bridges and factory building caused by
mudslides have collapsed.
Last
initial reports from the RTARF FDRC
indicated that severe damage was
caused to Laemchabang Sea Port and Sriracha Harbor Port, but they
nonetheless remain open. U-tapao Airport was 30% damaged. Donmuang and Suvarnabhumi
Airports were reportedly affected with 40% damage, but are still operational to
support a HADR mission.
The Provincial Health Team
in Chonburi and Chachoengsao provinces has issued special warnings on the
prevention of water-borne diseases including cholera, typhoid and
bacteria-borne dysentery. Tap water is not safe to drink as livestock waste could have been absorbed into major water sources.
The
Emergency Rapid and Aid Team (ERAT) in Chonburi and Chachoengsao were
unable to cope with the magnitude of the disaster and the government reported
that they are no longer able to provide basic human services to vast regions of
the country. Therefore, the government has decided to request support from the neighboring countries and international bodies
through AHA Centre, UN, International Humanitarian Organization and
Allied Nations.
Figure
8:
Exercise
Scenario
The
identified needs and tasks are as follows:
1)
Search Rescue (SAR) in remote area and
collapsed building
2) Medical
treatment (PHC Level 1,2,3 and Dental)
3) Restoration
of public services (Line of Communication)
4) Epidemic prevention (Water Treatment, Sanitation, Forensic, Mortuary Affairs )
5) Immediate
relief aids (Temporary Shelter, Food and Water Supply)
6) Infrastructure
support (Temporary bridge )
7) Indirect
support for evacuation of affected population from remote area and island
(MEDVAC, CASVAC, Urban and Jungle SAR)
8) CBRN
Capability
As a result, ASEAN and allied
nations, international Humanitarian Organization and the United
Nations agencies will deploy personal and assets to assist in HADR operation.
The
government will assist and facilitate the entry of all international rescue
teams into the country and is also responsible to coordinate HADR. The Government has planned to establish Multi National
Coordination Center (MNCC) and Civil-Military Operation Center (CMOC) to coordinate with RTARF FDRC at the 1st
Regional Office, Armed Force Development Command,
Chachoengsao province.
Figure 9 : AHEx 14 Disaster Management and Emergency Response Mechanisms
Figure 10: AHEx 14
Exercise Area
303. The AHEx14 Exercise will be held in eastern Thailand, in Chonburi and Chachoengsao provinces. The Exercise Area are as follows:
a) The RTARF Forward Disaster Relief Center, Comprises of Multi National Coordination Center (MNCC) and Civil-Military Operation Center (CMOC) which will be established at the 1st Regional Office, Armed Force Development Command in Chachoengsao province
b) There are four Incident Command Centers (ICC) as follows:
Area A (Building Collapse)
Exercise location is in the 1st Regional Office, Armed Force Development Command in Chachoengsao province with the FTX Incident Commander appointed from RTARF Development Command . ExCon will simulate collapse building situation to facilitate medical, engineering and construction works.
Figure 10: Building
Collapse
Area B (Chemical Leakage)
Exercise location is in 1st Regional Office, Armed Force Development Command in Chachoengsao province with the FTX Incident Commander appointed from Royal Thai Army (RTA) Science Department. . ExCon will simulate chemical leakage to facilitate de-contamination control area, medical , MEDVAC and CASVAC.
Area C (Land Evacuation and Urban SAR)
Exercise location is at Bangkra District, Chachoengsao Province with the FTX Incident Commander appointed from RTA. ExCon will simulate flood-stricken , landslides and water-borne diseases in remote and isolated area need immediate evacuation and rescue the casualty patients across the river for evacuation operation and transport to IDP Shelter . The training participants will plan and work together in “unity of effort” to facilitate urban SAR , MEDVAC and CASVAC, medical support, engineering , construction works, HADR evacuee camp management.
Area D (Maritime Evacuation and Maritime SAR )
Situation will be simulated only in CPX, Exercise location is in Pattaya and Korlan Island, Chonburi province with an Incident Commander appointed from Royal Thai Navy (RTN). ExCon will simulate sea state 7 and storm surge along the coast of Pattaya and severe affected to the Korlan “the famous island” so as to need maritime evacuation, maritime SAR and medical support.
In CPX Scenario, The NDMO set up four IDP Shelters, Head by Department of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation, Ministry of Interior at 11th Infantry Division (Chonburi), Pattaya Stadium ,Chonburi Stadium and 2nd Engineering Battalion King’s Guard (Chachoengsao). ExCon will simulate the evacuation situation that require the HADR camp management and medical support.
AHEx14 Reference and Exercise
Publication
304. To minimize “Fog of Relief”, the competition for resources and inconsistencies
hat make the failure and difficulty in combined exercise,
below documents will be referred
to for joint planning and
combined operation during
1) ASEAN Agreement on Disaster Management and Emergency
Response
2) Standard Operating Procedure for Regional Standby
Arrangements and Coordination of Joint Disaster Relief and Emergency Response
Operation (SASOP)
3) Multi National Force Standing Operational Procedures.
(MNF SOP HADR)
4) Guidelines on the use of Foreign Military and Civil Defence Assets
(MCDA) in International Disaster Relief
. (Oslo Guidelines)
5) Asia
Pacific Regional Guidelines for the use of Foreign Military Assets in Natural
Disaster Response Operation (APC MADRO)
6) INSARAG,UN OCHA
7) Operational Guidance for Coordinated Assessments
in Humanitarian Crises, Inter-Agency Standing
Committee (IASC)
8) The AHEx14 exercise instruction (AHEx14 EXINST)
Exercise Documents. AHEx14 Documents: Ex Scenario, ,
Affected Areas Map , MSEL Injects and necessary EX information
will be issued during the exercise in EOC (Emergency Operation Center) and COP(Common Operation Picture) Training Program.
AHEx14 Exercise Structure
305.AHEx14 Command and
Control. Lt Gen Tarnchaiyan Srisuwan . RTARF will
be the Exercise Director (EXDIR) and representative of Malaysian Armed Forces
will be Co-director. They are assisted by the Country Delegations, UN and AHA
Center representatives who will form theAdvisory Group.
Respective countries' Heads of Delegation are the National Commanders,
responsible for all matters pertaining members
of their respective delegations and has authority to make the final decisions. By
structure and protocol, he will be the highest ranking officer of each nation.
The Exercise Secretariat Group from J3 ,
RTARF HQs will work with the nations' lead planners on all exercise-related
matters to control the MNCC, and on the key events for the exercise. The Exercise MNCC HQ and Task Force Elements
form the Exercise Players Group. They are headed by
the Commander, Chiefs-of-Staffs, Head of Staff Centers and Task Force
Commanders from the participating countries
AHEx14
Exercise HQs
306. The AHEx14 Exercise HQs will be responsible for the design and conduct of the AHEx14 exercise. It will be headed by Thai EXDIR with Malaysian Deputy EXDIR and supported the Advisory Group.
EXDIR is primarily responsible for the design, conduct and supervision of the exercise as well as the issuance of strategic guidance to the EXCon for the conduct of the exercise and to make the final decisions.
Deputy EXDIR is the assistance of Ex Director.
Advisory GroupMembers functions in assisting the Ex Director in the design, conduct and supervision of the exercise and is responsible on all matters pertaining to members of their respective delegations and command their own forces.
EXDIR is primarily responsible for the design, conduct and supervision of the exercise as well as the issuance of strategic guidance to the EXCon for the conduct of the exercise and to make the final decisions.
Deputy EXDIR is the assistance of Ex Director.
Advisory GroupMembers functions in assisting the Ex Director in the design, conduct and supervision of the exercise and is responsible on all matters pertaining to members of their respective delegations and command their own forces.
AHEx14 Key Actors
307. Foreign military forces are one of
many actors in a large community of aid and relief organizations, each with its
own goal and agenda. Regardless of each individual mission, they must
interact with this community. Key humanitarian relief agencies are listed
below. The foreign military planner must determine the key organizations in the
concerned Area of Operations (AO). The foreign military planner must also identify
the existing coordinating mechanisms and establish linkages through these
mechanisms.
Foreign
military planners must understand the links and coordinating mechanisms between the host
nation/affected state military forces and the governmental and nongovernmental
relief agencies operating within that country. Foreign military planners must
also understand how that country’s military handover of the HA/DR mission back
to the government and relief agencies, so that the foreign military forces can
plan for the transition of foreign military HA/DR missions.
308. Affected state government (including
military and paramilitary forces).
National disaster management organizations (NDMO) /local
emergency management authorities (LEMA). This is the host nation’s/affected
state organizational structure to respond to HA/DR requirements, and includes local/municipal,
state/province /region, and national governmental agencies, to include
military, paramilitary, and police
I. forces. It may
also include the national Red Cross/Red Crescent society. Foreign military
forces may support and coordinate with these organizations at all levels of government.
II. Military
involvement in HA/DR varies with each country. In some countries, military has
primary responsibility and virtually all the resources to execute HA/DR
missions. In other countries, the military plays a supporting role and may become
directly involved only in life-threatening situations.
309. UN agencies. Within the host
nation/affected state the UN Resident Coordinator, UN Humanitarian Coordinator
or a UN Head of Mission (e.g. Special Representative of the Secretary General
(SRSG)) facilitates the coordination of UN agencies. Key UN agencies include Office
for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA), World Food Programme
(WFP), UN Joint Logistics Center (UNJLC), and the UN Humanitarian Air Services
(UNHAS) ,UN Children’s’ Fund (UNICEF), UN World Health Organization (WHO) and UN
Development Programme (UNDP)
310. International Organizations: The
Red Cross and the Red Crescent movement:
I. International
Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent (IFRC): Lead coordinator of
national Red Cross/Red Crescent societies in a non-conflict disaster situation.
II. National Red
Cross and Red Crescent Societies: Provide specific capacities (e.g. Malaysian
Red Crescent, Indonesian Red Cross, and American Red Cross).
311.Other Organizations Bilateral
Assistance Agencies: e.g. U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID),
Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA), Australian Agency for
International Development (AusAID), etc.
312. Regional Organizations: e.g. ASEAN
Committee on Disaster Management (ACDM), South Asian Association for Regional
Cooperation (SAARC) and AHA Center.
MNCC (Multi National Coordination Center)
313.
1) To
produce combined and joint operations support requirement assessment.
2)
To conduct a task force planning at the Operational level.
3)
To strengthen processes and procedures for an effective
coordination and communication at the Combined Joint level and Component level.
4) To
strengthen the joint interoperability amongst the participating nations.
To
exercise command, control and co-ordination of combined/joint agreement and
arrangement within MNCC structure.
Civil-Military
Coordination Center (CMOC)
314. Civil Military Coordination is the
essential venue for dialogue and interaction between civilian and military
actors in humanitarian emergencies that is necessary to protect and promote
humanitarian principles, avoid competition, minimize inconsistency, and when
appropriate pursue common goals. Basis strategies range from coexistence to
cooperation with the military, with a strong emphasis attached to coordination
as a shared responsibility
315. CMOC is a center usually established by a military force for
coordinating civil-military operations in an area of operations. It
usually serves as a meeting place for military and non-military entities
involved in stabilization, humanitarian relief and reconstruction activities or
for interaction between these entities and the civilian population. Oftenly, it
also serves as a central location for information on civilian-related activities in the area or maintains the
status of the infrastructure or institutions
Royal Thai Armed Force Forward Disaster Relief Center (RTARF
FDRC)
Respective National
Command
317.
All assisting states shall retain overall authority and command of their
respective contributions including personnel
(military and civilian), assets and infrastructures. This constitutes
are: Final Authority for Deployment, Retains Command and Control of respective
Troops and Assets and To co-ordinate with the Host Nation (thru MNCC) for all
HADR activities
MNCC Operations Center
318. Supporting the decision making
of MNCC CDR, this C3 cell assists the commander in directing, coordinating, and
controlling assigned MNCC operations. The C3 supervises the Future Operations
Staff (FOPS) and the Current Operations Staff (COPS); both are part of the MNCC
planning process. The C3 also supervises the Multinational Command Center
(M-CmdC) to ensure situational awareness in the headquarters. The C3 may have
supervision over CMOC if the it is not organized as a separate section. He/she
may be responsible for establishing and managing the Multinational Coordination
Center (MNCC). However; normally the C5 should have staff supervision of this
center with the CCTF acting as the chairman of the MNCC.
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